Steinbecks The Pearl Essay Example For Students

Steinbecks The Pearl Essay The PearlMATERIAL SOCIETY, MATERIAL THOUGHTS Ever since Midas lust for gold, it appears to be that man has acquired a greed and appetite for wealth. Juana, the Priest, and the doctor have all undergone a change due to money. They are all affected by their hunger for wealth and inturn are the base for their own destruction, and the destruction of society. Steinbecks The Pearl is a study of mans self destruction through greed. Juana, the faithful wife of Kino, a paltry peasant man, had lived a spiritual life for what had seemed like as long as she could remember. When her son Coyito fell ill from the bite of a scorpion, she eagerly turned towards the spiritual aspects of life. Beginning to pray for her sons endangered life. The doctor who had resided in the upper-class section of the town, refused to assistant the child, turning them away when they arrived at the door. Lastly they turned to the sea to seek their fortune. When Juana set sight on the Pearl of The World. she felt as thoug h all her prayers had been answered, if she could have foreseen the future what she would have seen would have been a mirror image of her reality. Juanas husband was caught in a twisted realm of mirrors, and they were all shattering one by one. In the night he heard a sound so soft that it might have been simply a thought and quickly attacked the trespasser. This is where the problems for Juana and her family began. The fear that had mounted in Kinos body had taken control over his actions. Soon even Juana who had always had faith in her husband, had doubted him greatly. It will destroy us all she yelled as her attempt to rid the family of the pearl had failed. Kino had not listened however, and soon Juana began to lose her spiritual side and for a long time she had forgotten her prayers that had at once meant so much to her. She had tried to help Kino before to much trouble had aroused, only to discover that she was not competent enough to help. A hypocrathic oath is said before ea ch medical student is granted a Doctors degree. In the oath they swear to aid the ill, and cure the injured. In the village of La Paz there lived a doctor who had earned his wealth by helping those that were ill and could afford his services. Not once in his long career would he have dared refuse to aid a wealthy lawyer or noblemen. However when Kino and the group of money hungry peasants arrived at his door with a poisoned child he had refused them entry saying Have I nothing better to do than cure insect bites for little Indians? I am a doctor, not a veterinary. for the doctor had known that the peasants hadnt any money. He had been to Paris and had enjoyed the splendors of the world, and therefore he wouldnt be seen dealing with the less fortunate as he knew that the less fortunate would surely always be just that-less fortunate. However it seemed that he had been stereotypical of the less fortunate, as he soon discovered when hearing of a great pearl discovered by the peasants w ho had knocked upon his door earlier that day. A hunger for wealth was what pushed him to visit the peasants house and aid their destitute son. However he had already ended Coyitos life without knowing hed done so, for if he had administered aid to Coyito when they were first at the doctors door, Kino would have no reason to seek his fortune in the ocean, and would not be led down the road to hardships. One might think that a doctor, one who has the image of being passive, and caring should not stoop to such a level. When one is down on their luck, chances are they will turn to superstition in hope to acquire what it is that they would want to achieve. A good example of this would be a good luck charm such as a rabbits foot. In La Paz the peasants were uneducated and probably had never heard of a superstition. The peasants only reliability, there only scapegoat was God. God had always been their to aid them in there times of need. The first reaction of Juana when seeing the scorpion is a good example of spirituality, rather than attempt to kill the scorpion she began to pray to God for safety. In La Paz the only form of God that the peasants knew was that of the Priest of the church. To the peasants the Priest was so God-like that they were unable to see any faults in his actions. However the reader is able to determine that the Priest is abusing his position in society. In order to receive the sacraments the person requesting the sacrament must donate a small amount of money to the church. Whether this is correct or not is a matter of opinion. The church definetly needs funding but the peasants are unable to donate these funds, but, does that make them unable to receive the sacraments should they want to acquire them? The Priest is so set on achieving money and social status that he puts aside the real reason one becomes a Priest- to help, and teach the word of God. In The Pearl, Steinbeck expresses the fact that mans manifestation for wealth and property lea ds to the self destruction of man, both mentally, and physically. The Priest of La Paz, The doctor, and Juana were all affected by the affects of greed. Whether they are striving for wealth or are in the path of those that are, they are all equally affected. The story of Midas lives on as a caution to those who crave the warmth and comfort of money. Beckoning to those who struggle to achieve wealth, and hoping that they will respond, and possibly not put wealth on the top shelf of life. BibliographyThe PearlMATERIAL SOCIETY, MATERIAL THOUGHTS Ever since Midas lust for gold, it appears to be that man has acquired a greed and appetite for wealth. Juana, the Priest, and the doctor have all undergone a change due to money. They are all affected by their hunger for wealth and inturn are the base for their own destruction, and the destruction of society. Steinbecks The Pearl is a study of mans self destruction through greed. Juana, the faithful wife of Kino, a paltry peasant man, had live d a spiritual life for what had seemed like as long as she could remember. When her son Coyito fell ill from the bite of a scorpion, she eagerly turned towards the spiritual aspects of life. Beginning to pray for her sons endangered life. The doctor who had resided in the upper-class section of the town, refused to assistant the child, turning them away when they arrived at the door. Lastly they turned to the sea to seek their fortune. When Juana set sight on the Pearl of The World. she felt as though all her prayers had been answered, if she could have foreseen the future what she would have seen would have been a mirror image of her reality. Juanas husband was caught in a twisted realm of mirrors, and they were all shattering one by one. In the night he heard a sound so soft that it might have been simply .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3 , .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3 .postImageUrl , .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3 , .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3:hover , .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3:visited , .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3:active { border:0!important; } .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3:active , .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3 .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u77d8662cc1edf38dc2f5ca611dda9ee3:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The eternal struggle Essay We will write a custom essay on Steinbecks The Pearl specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now

How to Get Leadership Experience in Your Extracurriculars

How to Get Leadership Experience in Your Extracurriculars SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Extracurriculars are a significant part of your college application, and just participating in an extracurricular is not enough. Colleges don’t want participants. Colleges want leaders. If you want to stand out, it’s not sufficientto be the president of a club. Colleges want leaders who takeinitiative and get their goals accomplished. How can you become a successful leader in your extracurricular? What are good leadership activities for high schoolers? In this article, I’ll guide you through the whole process of becoming a successful leader: from deciding where to focus your efforts to implementing your plan to describing your achievements on a college application. Why Is Leadership Experience Important? Demonstratingleadership is one of the most important parts of your college application. It's almost required to get into a top college, and having great leadership experience can help compensate for another area of your application that isn't quite as strong as you'd like it to be.Admissions officers like to see students take control in their high school extracurricular activities and show off their leadership skills. Why do admissions officers care about leadership? Colleges hope that the applicants they admit will go on to be leaders on their campus and leaders out in the world.Colleges want their alumnito have a significant and beneficial impact on the world.Admissions officers use your high school extracurricular activities as a way to judge if you have the interest and ability to be a leader. What do colleges look for in leadership experience? As I said before, simply having a leadership title in one of your extracurriculars is not enough (most high-achievinghigh school students have a leadership role in an extracurricular), you need to be a leader who makes an impact. What Is Impact? Impact is making a real difference: leading your club to raise $5,000 for breast cancer research, leading your team as captain to the national championship, leading your club to collect 1,000 cans of food to donate to your local food back, etc. In general, your impact should be measurable by a number amount (i.e. $1,000 raised or 500 students attended the event) or by meeting a big goal (i.e. getting to the state or national level of competition). You should be able to say, "Under my leadership, the student council raised $5,000 to make prom free for all students" or "Under my leadership, our math team went from not making the regional competition to winning the state championship." It's important to show impactbecause, as I mentioned above, most high-achieving high school students will have some leadership role on their application. Not many students will have made a true impact.Impact is difficult to achieve, but I will guide you through the process in the steps below. You want to stand out from other applicants! What Are Ivy League Schools Looking For? If you’re hoping to attend an Ivy League school, I recommend that you tryto get leadership experience in your main area of interest. What do I mean by that?The Ivy League no longer wants well-rounded students (who do varied activities such as tennis, drama, student government, and volunteering at an animal shelter). By participating in such a wide range of activities, very, very selective colleges (the Ivy League and Stanford) may see your well-roundedness as a lack of focus. The Ivy League schools want experts.They want students who specialize in one general area.For example, if your passion is drama, you should join the drama club, do regional theater, compete in the drama categories with your speech and debate team, write an original play, and/or volunteer with a children’s theatergroup.Specializing in one area doesn’t mean only doing one activity. If drama is your focus, don’t just be an inactive member of your drama club. You need to do more than that to impress the Ivy League. As I said above, you need to make an impact. Whatever one thing you choose to be an expert in,I recommend you also try to become a leaderin that field.If you’re a number 1 ranked tennis player, consider trying to run for team captain at your school,founding a club to teach children how to play tennis, and hosting a tennis competition to raise money for breast cancer.If you’re a mathlete, consider running for a mathlete board position, holding a Pi day fundraiser for charity where you sell pies, and starting a club to help students with their math homework. Whether or not you’re hoping to attend an Ivy League school, you should still try to showleadership and make an impact in your extracurriculars. If you’re not gunning for the Ivy League, you don’t have to worry about focusing on one area of expertise.However, you still need leadership experience because it’s impressive to all colleges, and, as I said before, it can help you get accepted or make up for another area of your application if it isn't quite as strong as you'd like it to be. Which way do you go to get leadership experience? How Can You GetLeadership Experience? If colleges want to see meaningful leadership experience, you should try to get it! Buthow can you become a leader?Your first thought might be to think of traditional high school leadership activitiessuch as being on student council. Student council is not necessarily the best leadership experience for all applicants.There are many other ways to showleadership. Below, I give you my top four options: Option #1: Become a Board Member, Club President, or Team Captain You can become club president or team captain by getting good at whatever the main club activity is, cultivating relationships with teammates or other club members, and doing more work than is just required. Show that you're willing to do more work than expected by offering to help with the events (come early, help with set up/organizing, help with clean up, etc.). Don’t expect to become club president immediately as a freshman.I recommend you try to work your way up to becoming a top leader in the club. Start in a smaller position such as secretary or treasurer your freshman or sophomore year, and then move up to vice president and then to president. All during this time you need to be making relationships with teammates or club members and showyou're willing to work hard. That was my strategy to become my high school’s student government president, and it worked! Option #2: Starta New Club in Your Area of Interest Before founding a new club, brainstorm what you'd want that club to be, come up with ideas for what the club's purpose would b,e andtalk to people with similar interests to see if they'd be interested in the club. For more information, read about how to start a club in high schooland check out our list of clubs to start in high school. If you’re nervous or unsure about starting a new club, consider first trying to plan a new event or project for an existing club.For example, if a math club exists, consider planning an event at which the math club offers free tutoring to other students struggling with math.If your planned event goes well, you’ll feel that much more confident and ready to start your own club. Option #3: Lead a Project in Your Area of Interest Before leading a project, you should help a current club or charity plan an event or host a fundraiser. That way you can learn how to organize a successful event or fundraiser. You'll see how that person did it, get advice, and see how successful they are. Talk to classmates about what kind of fundraiser they'd enjoy, and see if any classmates would be interested in helping you. Option #4: Increase Participation inan Activity In order to make a real impact, I'd suggest trying to get the number of participants or attendees for a club, fundraiser, or similar event above 50 (100 or more is better). Before you attempt to increase participation, you need to see how that event or club runs. Offer to help the person currently responsible for planning that event or the person who is responsiblefor club recruitment. See what they do that works and what they do that doesn't. Ask people who attend club events what they liked, disliked, and what suggestions they have for improvement. Take all of this into consideration when trying to increase participation in a club or event. DISCLAIMER: I do recommend joining student council if that’s your â€Å"expertise.† If you’re hoping to be a political science major in college and want to be a politician someday, go ahead and join student council and make that your â€Å"expertise.† If you need advice on how to run for student council, check out our other article. However, don’t just join student council to add to your list of extracurriculars and to make yourself seem like a leader. How Should YouDecideWhich Leadership ActivitiestoDo? I've listed a whole bunch of options above, but which should you do?Take the time to make a list of all the potential leadership opportunities in your area of interest.Check out my examples to help get started: Expertise: Film Potential Leadership Roles: Become a board member of the film club that currently exists at my school. I like foreign films. I’m going to create a foreign film club where we watch a new foreign film every week and discuss it. I am going to start a donation drive where I collect people’s old VHSs and DVDs (along with DVD and VHS players) and donate them to a local hospital so the patients will have movies to watch. Expertise: Art Potential Leadership Roles: Become a board member of the art club that currently exists at my school. Host a student art sale at a local gallery to raise money for breast cancer. Organize and teach a weekly painting class at a local nursing home. Expertise: Science Potential Leadership Roles: Compete in ScienceOlympiad. Organize and teach a weekly science class after school to elementary school students. Start a robotics club or team. Expertise: Politics Potential Leadership Roles: Compete on the debate team. Join the school newspaper and start a political column. Start a Democrat/Republican/Independent club or a general politics club. I’d recommend trying to come up with at least three ideas, but five or moreis ideal.Why do you need so many ideas?Not all ideas will be winners. You need to analyze what you’re most interested in doing and what’ll be impressive to colleges. What will be impressive to colleges?A leadership experience in which you’re active and made a tangible difference. As I said before, you need to have impact, and it should be measurable and make a tangible difference. For my collection drive idea (in the film section), while it might work, I may not be able to collect all that many Blu-Rays, DVDs and VHSs as many people are now just buying films through Apple TV/Roku.If I only collect 20 movies, that will not be very impressive to colleges and will not make a tangible difference. However,if I do decide to do the drive and manage to collect 1,000 movies, that’s a tangible difference. Try to narrow your choices down to 1 or 2 that you know you’re passionate about and that you know will be impressive to colleges. Tips on How to Follow Through WithYour LeadershipActivity Once you narrow down your choices to the final one or two that you’ll do, how should you go about actually developingyour leadership in these areas?I recommend writing down what you plan to do on a piece of paper and putting it somewhere important (like your desk) where you’ll see it every day, so it’ll keep you motivated.Tell your parents/guardians about your goal. They’ll be impressed, and you’ll be more motivated now that they know your plan. Create a timeline of goals or an action plan to meet in order to execute your plans.Start with today (whether you’re a freshman, sophomore, junior or senior)Create actionable goals for today. Make these something you can do rightnow:â€Å"I’ll join the math club.† Create goals for later this year.Once you join some organization(s), youcan then start looking for or creating leadership opportunities: "I'm going to run for math club treasurer." Next, create goals for next year (and every year you have left of high school) to build on that initial leadership experience and expand your impact.â€Å"I’ll run for math club president, and I’ll start a charity drive for graduating seniors to donate their calculators to students who can’t afford one. I’ll recruit other math club members to spread the word about the calculator donation drive by making announcements in their classes and giving fliers to their teachers to put up in their classrooms.† Why is creating a timeline oraction plan important?It’s easy to procrastinate and avoid taking the leap to becoming a leader.It can feel daunting. It’s hard to imagine being elected president of a club when you’re not even a member yet or when you haven’t held a position or planned an event.However, your action plan should show you that your goal is achievable! You just need to take the appropriate small steps to get there. How to Include Leadership Experience on College Applications On your college applications, you’ll be able to list your leadership experience under extracurricular activities. You’ll only have 150 characters to describe your activities, so use those words wisely. With these 150 characters, you should try to describe what you did in your leadership role (what events did you plan/run), and describe your impact(how much did you fundraise, how many people showed up to your event).You will not be able to use complete sentences! Start with an action verb such as created, executed, planned, or developed.Here are some examples: Extracurricular: President of the Foreign Film Club Description: Founded club, grew to 15 members, raised $5000 to direct foreign film, won 1st prize at local film festival. Extracurricular: President of the Art Club Description: Doubled membership from 20 to 40 members, raised $2000 for brain tumor research through a student art sale. Extracurricular: Speech Debate Competitor Description: Placed 1st in the Blue Key Speech and Debate tournament in Congress competition 3 years in a row. Essentially, you want your 150 characters to show your leadership and your impact.For more in-depth information, read our guide on How to Write About Extracurriculars On College Applications If you feel you need to say more, you can add it in the additional information section of your Common App (it’s under "Writing").However, only add more if you truly have new information to add.For example, if you wrote: "Founded club, grew to 15 members, raised $5000 to direct foreign film, won 1st prize at local film festival", you don’t need to explain that you set up an Indiegogo page to raise the money and that you created a teaser/trailer for the Indiegogo fundraiser.However, if you also organized a film screening for charity and raised $10,000 for lymphoma research, then make sure you add that! It’s brand new information and very impressive! Don’t worry if you feel like you didn’t get to explain your activity in enough depth.You can potentially write about it as a part of your Common App Essay.One of the Common App Essay prompts asks you to discuss an accomplishment. You can talk about your leadership roleas an example of an accomplishment.For more advice on how to write a great college essay, check out our other guide. What’s Next? You should learn more about what makes an amazing extracurricular activity for you college applications. Also, learn about how many extracurricular activities you need for college. Interested in learning about uniqueextracurricular opportunities? Learn more about job shadowing, community service, and volunteer abroad programs. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points?We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

Abu Bakr - the First Muslim Caliph

Abu Bakr - the First Muslim Caliph Born to a wealthy family, Abu Bakr was a successful merchant with a reputation for honesty and kindness. Tradition has it that, having long been a friend to Muhammad, Abu Bakr immediately accepted him as a prophet and became the first adult male to convert to Islam. Muhammad married Abu Bakrs daughter Aishah and chose him to accompany him to Medina. Shortly before his death, Muhammad asked Abu Bakr to offer up a prayer for the people. This was taken as a sign that the Prophet had chosen Abu Bakr to succeed him. After Muhammads death, Abu Bakr was accepted as the first deputy of the Prophet of God, or caliph. Another faction preferred Muhammads son-in-law Ali as caliph, but Ali eventually submitted, and Abu Bakr took over governance of all Muslim Arabs. As Caliph, Abu Bakr brought all of central Arabia under Muslim control and was successful in spreading Islam further through conquest. He also saw to it that the Prophets sayings were preserved in written form. The collection of sayings would be compiled into the Quran (or Quran or Koran). Abu Bakr died in his sixties, possibly from poison but just as likely from natural causes. Before his death he named a successor, establishing a tradition of government by chosen successors. Several generations later, after rivalries led to murder and war, Islam would be split into two factions: the Sunni, who followed the Caliphs, and the Shiite, who believed that Ali was the proper heir of Muhammad and would only follow leaders descended from him. Also Known As El Siddik or Al-Siddiq (The Upright) Noted For Abu Bakr was the closest friend and companion of  Muhammad  and the first Muslim caliph. He was one of the first men to convert to Islam and was chosen by the Prophet as his companion on the  Hijrah  to Medina. Places of Residence and Influence Asia: Arabia Important Dates Born:  c. 573 Completed  Hijrah  to Medina:  Sept. 24, 622​ Died:  Aug. 23, 634 Quotation Attributed to Abu Bakr Our abode in this world is transitory, our life therein is but a loan, our breaths are numbered and our indolence is manifest.

Theology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Theology - Assignment Example By praying, we seek God’s forgiveness of our sins and we in turn forgive others. This way, our human suffering, which is normally as a result of confining ourselves to our areas of operation, is reduced and we remain focused and hoping for the kingdom of God (Gibbs et al. 131). 3. According to Fischer and Hart, How does Jesus resolve the problem of suffering and evil? Briefly explain each of the four elements in his response. How does this response help us to understand what a Christian response to one who has AIDS might be? When we are suffering, Jesus is always on our side to guide us on how to respond to the evil and suffering. Through Jesus, God intervenes in our circumstances and walks with us, showing us what to do at those moments when we feel weak. In regard to solving the problem of evil and suffering, there are four elements involved, which are (Fischer & Hart 121): (1). Jesus forgives us our sins and calls people to get converted. He is merciful enough and is always ready to forgive everyone who seeks his mercy. He forgives us our sins and converts us to be among his chosen ones. Based on the above four elements, a Christian suffering from AIDS will get encouragement to fight the AIDS knowing that even Christ Jesus himself suffered so much. The Christian will have the assurance that the suffering is just for a short time while on this earth, and then inherit the eternal kingdom in the life after. According to Bonhoeffera, suffering can destroy the ability to respond to God, something which he considered as a temptation, a temptation which to some extent may result from despair driving someone into committing suicide. Bonhoeffera however gives us hope from suffering by assuring us that the compassion of Christ is always with us and is enough to rescue a person who is tempted (Blackburn 178). Bonhoeffera noted that the suffering of Christ Jesus on the cross brought people closer to the Christian faith. The death of Christ meant to bring us

Review of Quantitative Research Designs Assignment

Review of Quantitative Research Designs - Assignment Example It is estimated that approximately 24 million teenage Americans, 9% of the entire population engage in drug abuse. Such research requires descriptive statistics to establish the trends and provide a visual impression of the research (Black, 1999). The research was conducted on a population to describe the data in relation to drug abuse. An experimental research design can be applied when trying out a new technology in the public transport system. For example, attempting to see how commuters using public transport would respond to an easy pay system; pre-paid cards fitted with a magnetic chip and can be used as a means of payment in buses. An experimental research design would be appropriate for such a research situation because the research is subject to manipulation, control, random selection, and random assignment (Vogt, 2007). The above-mentioned characteristics of experimental research design indicate that the researcher can obtain as much information as possible due to the ease of control of the research topic. The research question would be: How will people respond to the easy pay system and the number of people that would recommend it. The independent variable will be the response (excited, satisfied, and not sure) while the dependent variable will be the number of commuters who recommend the

Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Insomnia Essay

Causes, Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Insomnia Insomnia means having trouble with the quality or quantity of sleep. It can be caused by difficulties in either falling asleep or staying asleep. Self-reported sleeping problems, hating the sleep quality and day time tiredness are the only defining characteristics of insomnia because it is such an individual experience. The concept of good sleep is different from person to person. While the average night's sleep for an adult is around seven or eight hours, some people only need four, while others like up to 10 hours or more. What seems like insomnia to one person might be considered a good sleep by another (Florence Cardinal, Your Guide to Sleep Disorders.) There are three types of insomnia: Secondary insomnia, Primary sleep disorders, and Idiopathic insomnia. Secondary insomnia is due to a range of medical and psychiatric problems and the chronic use of drugs and alcohol. Primary sleep disorders include circadian rhythm disorders, central sleep apnoea-insomnia syndrome, inadequate sleep syndromes and periodic limb movement or restless legs syndromes. Idiopathic insomnia is sleeplessness without a known cause, formerly called childhood onset insomnia. (Defined by Florence Cardinal, Your Guide to Sleep Disorders.) In this paper I will try to go over all the causes, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of insomnia. I will go over all the many people who suffer from insomnia and why? The topic is something I understand somewhat because I have suffered from this sense the year 2000. Hopefully I will be able to inform and maybe understand this problem better with this research. A reaction to change or stress is one of the most common causes of short term insomnia which includes an acute illness, injury or surgery, the loss of a loved one, job loss, extremes in the weather, an exam, traveling, or trouble at work the list can go on and on. In most cases, normal sleep almost always returns when the condition resolves, the individual recovers from the event, or the person becomes accustomed to the new situation (Lamberg &Smolensky, 2000.) Then there is real insomnia or what doctors call Psycho physiologic insomnia which could happen if the short term insomnia is not solved. In many cases, it is unclear if chronic insomnia is a symptom of some physical or psychological condition or if it is a primary diso... ...tressed out that we can't sleep at night. Insomnia can affect a person really fast and it's hard to get rid of this disorder without a lot of effort. If we follow the advice of the doctor’s and begin to live a structured life all could be well. Bibliography A.D.A.M., Inc. is accredited by URAC, also known as the American Accreditation HealthCare Commission. Retrieved March 19, 2005 from http://www.urac.org/ Cardinal,F.(2004). You’re Guide to Sleep Disorders. Retrieved March 19, 2005 from http://www.adam.about.com/ (2003) National Center on Sleep Disorders Research. Retrieved March 19, 2005 from http://www.medceu.com/course-no-test.cfm?CID=1109/ Smolensky, M., & Lamberg L. (2000) The Body Clock Guide to Better Health. Retrieved March 19, 2005 from http://www.aamcc.org/body_clock.htm (2004) University of Maryland Medical Centers Insomnia Research. Retrieved March 21,2005 from http://www.umm.edu/ President and Fellows of Harvard College (1998 Dec.1) Insomnia: Get a Good Night Sleep. Retrieved March 21, 2005 from MEDSYS database. Heilman, E. (2000). Rest for the Weary: Words from an Insomnia Expert. Retrieved March 21, 2005 from http://www.healthysleeping.com/

Venetian Society in the 16th Century

During the 16th century Venetian society was one very much of who u knew and what name u carried. I gathered this from reading act1 scene1 when Iago and Roderigo are talking of Iago's failure to secure the position of ‘The Moor's lieutenant, ‘In personal suit to make me his lieutenant. ‘ To start with, it becomes clear at the very start of the act that Iago is simply using Roderigo as a pawn in the plan he has conspired, both for connections and for money, as Roderigo says ‘I take it much unkindly that thou, Iago, who hast had my purse As if the strings were thine shouldst know of this. The way in which Iago replies is a brush off of Roderigo's worried and confirms that he is only using this man for obviously his money and probably his connection as we know that Roderigo is a man of good name, and one of no great intelligence. Iago goes on to use Iago in his telling Brabantio of his daughter's antics with ‘The Moor'. This leads me on to two more points about this society. Iago is telling Brabantio of the whereabouts of his daughter, ‘Look to your house, your daughter and your bags! The mention of Desdemona, the daughter, comes in mention with a list of Brabantio posession's. This is indicative of the way in which women were regarded during this time in Venetian Society. In Shakespeare's play Othello many aspects of society are undertaken and explored, the three women in the play hold vital roles in this, we later find that only one of the women in this play survives. Women were thought of as possessions, particularly of their father's and then later on, of their husband's. Talking of Desdemona's ‘elopement' with Othello is also indicative of the racism present within the society. Iago refers to Othello as an ‘old black ram' and ‘the Moor. ‘ Both of these are very racist names, a Moor is a coloured person from Africa, and the reference to animal form is insulting in itself, even more so when stated along side ‘old'. The way in which Iago talks is very crude and provocative towards Brabantio, ‘you'll have your daughter covered with a Barbary horse, you'll have your nephews nigh to you. This is a reference to Othello as a ‘Barbary horse covering', again using animalistic imagery to insult, and using Othello's race to upset Brabantio more than need be. By ‘covering', Iago is implying to Brabantio that his daughter is having sexual intercourse with Othello, aiming only to make matters worse. This idea of racial discrimination is also present at the beginning of the scene when Iago talks of ‘Michael Cassio', the man whom Othello came to choose as his Lieutenant. He refers to him as a ‘Florentine', clearly meant as an insult, implying that even within Italy as a country, there is prejudice between separate counterparts. I believe that part of the reason for Brabantio's anger when he finds out about his daughter's disappearance is because of Othello's race. There is obviously a relatively substantial gap in age, although I do not believe this to be an issue for those involved, as it was common policy to marry young daughters to older men at that point in time. The irony of the situation is that Othello is most likely more of a successful man in business than any rival suitor Brabantio may have selected for his daughter – True success counts for very little. However, despite evidence of racism, there is some contrary evidence. Othello, though a coloured man has far exceeded Iago or Roderigo in success, and Iago is clearly prejudiced toward Othello because he was not offered the job as Othello's ‘right hand man', and towards Cassio because he was chosen to be so. This leaves me with the impression that within this society prejudice was only formed if you happened to exceed someone else or they felt some reason to be jealous. Overall I have gathered that the Venetian society at this point in time was an excusive and wealthy society in which a good name was everything and loyalty and honesty were of very little worth, as Iago exaggerates when talking of his want to ‘Whip me such honest knaves†¦ Have some soul' (lines 44 to 54).